Brachytherapy

加速部分乳腺照射，或APBI，使用放射性种子杀breast cancer细胞可保持乳房肿瘤切除手术。APBI提供辐射的强大剂量，同时大大降低处理时间。

APBI is performed about one to four weeks after a lumpectomy. A specialized catheter is inserted into the cavity left behind after the tumor is removed. The device remains in place during the course of APBI treatment, usually about five to seven days.

在治疗期间，种子，大约米粒大小，被插入到导管中。它停留在各个位置上的设备5至10分钟内。它被撤回，然后再插入六小时后，总共每天两次治疗。

APBI is best for women who are over 50 years old. Their tumors should

• 有明确的利润
• 测量三个厘米或更小
• show no sign of the disease spreading to nearby lymph nodes

When compared with standard radiation treatment, APBI offers significant benefits. At less than a week, the treatment is far shorter than external beam radiation, which usually lasts four to six weeks. In addition, the radiation dose is concentrated on tissue surrounding the lumpectomy cavity. This spares normal tissue and critical organs such as the heart and lungs from unnecessary radiation.

近距离放射治疗是一种常见的治疗many gynecologic cancers, including颈椎，子宫的和阴道癌。这是标准的宫颈癌患者接受外部束辐射后近距离放射治疗。谁也无法接受手术的子宫癌患者也得到近距离放射治疗，有些子宫内膜癌患者手术后会收到近距离治疗。

对于谁没有做过手术的病人，与病人近距离放射治疗妇科开始被全身麻醉之下。放射肿瘤学家精确地放置在患者的阴道或子宫（取决于癌症的类型）内的施用，如靠近肿瘤成为可能。先进的成像技术(such as MRI, ultrasound and CT Scans) help ensure the applicator is positioned to deliver the most effective dose of radiation, as well as determine the dose itself.

然后涂抹器被附接到保持一个小的放射性粒料的机器。将沉淀物送入涂布器为很短的时间量，在那里它被拉回机之前照射肿瘤。

根据患者的具体病情，医生会建议两个一个接近这种待遇。脉冲剂量率（PDR）近距离放射治疗是发送放射性沉淀到施用为每小时15分钟两天住院过程。PDR患者接受这个过程中两次相距约两个星期。

High-dose rate brachytherapy uses a pellet with more active radiation. It is sent into the applicator just one time for 10 minutes. Patients undergo this procedure as an outpatient five times over two to three weeks. Your radiation oncologist can discuss the best approach for your treatment.

近距离放射治疗也可用于治疗下子宫切除子宫内膜癌，以消除任何癌细胞可能留在手术后。这是一个简单的程序，其中一个小的圆顶放置到阴道而患者清醒。放射性源运行到该圆顶以提供高剂量的近距离放射治疗。

虽然医生尽最大努力避免影响健康组织辐射，近距离治疗妇科癌症可以有一些短期的副作用，包括疼痛，其中涂药被放置或出血量小。从长远来看，辐射可引起尿液或粪便腹泻和血。如果这些症状出现，并且不与药物解决，您的肿瘤科医生可以将您推荐给胃肠科或泌尿科医师诊断或治疗的问题。

近距离放射治疗是一种常见的治疗前列腺癌。在前列腺近距离放射治疗程序，几个放射性“种子”被插入到前列腺以便匹配器官的准确形状和尺寸。这确保了整个前列腺得到辐射适量。种子然后保留在患者体内，提供辐射长期剂量。

近距离放射治疗已被用来作为主要治疗低收入和中等风险的前列腺癌好几年了。要获得这种治疗，患者的癌症不能有蔓延显著前列腺外。医生还将进行一次体检，影像检查和评估目前的泌尿系统症状，以确定这是否是对病人最好的治疗。

此外，最近的研究表明近距离放射治疗是有效的结束治疗的“助推”患者的高危疾病。此升压如下体外放射治疗，并且降低该疾病进展的风险。

After treatment, patients may experience temporary urinary side effects. These include burning, frequent urination, urgent urination and a weak stream. They are managed with medication and typically go away a few months after treatment.