MD Anderson 188bet体育网址Research Research亮点2022年5月18日

Featuring novel therapeutic targets, advances for metastatic breast cancer, discoveries for hematologic malignancies, single-cell analysis tools and immunology insights

德克萨斯大学医学博士安德森癌症中心的研究重点,可瞥见MD Anderson MD专家的最新基础,转化和临188bet体育网址床癌症研究。当前的发现包括突变结直肠癌的新目标,乳腺癌转移到大脑和骨骼的进展,对次级白血病的新理解,用于骨髓纤维化治疗响应的生物标志物,一种结合单细胞数据集的计算工具,独特的PRE免疫特征- 癌性胰腺囊肿,鼓励羊肉肉瘤的临床结果,以及T细胞固定抗肿瘤免疫反应至关重要的新蛋白质。

TDO2被识别为APC缺陷结直肠癌的新型治疗靶标
腺瘤性息肉病(APC)的失活是许多人形成的关键步骤结直肠癌((CRCs). APC deficiencies activate the Wnt signaling pathway to drive cancer progression but targeting the Wnt pathway has proven challenging. A research team led by Rumi Lee, Y. Alan Wang, Ph.D., andRonald A. Depinho,医学博士,试图发现使用APC的CRC的其他漏洞不足。他们将色氨酸2,3-二加氧酶2(TDO2)确定为癌细胞生长的关键调节剂,当APC灭活时被上调。TDO2激活Kyn-AHR途径,导致糖酵解和癌细胞生长增加,并募集免疫抑制巨噬细胞进入肿瘤微环境。在APC缺陷型癌症模型中靶向TDO2可阻止癌症的进展和增强的免疫特征,以TDO2为APC失活的癌症的可能治疗靶标。了解更多信息癌症发现

Etirinotecan Pegol不能改善脑转移乳腺癌患者的生存率
脑转移are common in patients with metastaticbreast cancer和are associated with poor prognosis. Unfortunately, limited treatment options exist, and these patients typically are excluded from clinical trials studying new treatments. One of the few studies dedicated to metastatic breast cancer patients with stable brain metastases — the Phase III ATTAIN trial led byDebu Tripathy,医学博士— compared treatment with etirinotecan pegol or chemotherapy of the physician’s choice. The trial enrolled 178 patients across 47 sites and 10 countries. Investigators found no statistically significant difference in outcomes between the groups. The median overall survival was 7.8 months with etirinotecan pegol versus 7.5 months with chemotherapy, while median progression-free survival was 2.8 months for etirinotecan pegol versus 1.9 months for chemotherapy. This represents one of the first and largest trials devoted to patients with breast cancer and brain metastases, and the results may help inform future studies for these patients. Learn more inJAMA Oncology

与TP53突变疗法相关的髓样肿瘤相关的列纳奈度胺
与治疗相关的髓样肿瘤(T-MN)是一种次级白血病在癌症患者之后可能发生这种情况chemotherapy或者放射治疗((CRT). The disease is often treatment resistant with survival less than one year, and there are no available approaches to prevent its development.koichi takahashi,医学博士,博士并合着者分析了在单个机构中接受的大量患者中T-MNS基因型与先前的CRT暴露之间的关联。他们表明,过去接受Lenalidomide的患者的T-MN风险增加了TP53mutations. Usingin vitroin vivo小鼠模型,他们证明了Lenalidomide的治疗(而不是Pomalidomide)促进了选择性生长T53- 突出造血干细胞(HSC)。这些结果对于了解T-MN的发展至关重要,并表明患者患疾病的风险TP53- 可以通过在Lenalidomide上使用Pomalidomide来减轻HSC。了解更多信息血液

Biomarker analysis of navitoclax plus ruxolitinib potentially useful to patients with myelofibrosis
骨髓纤维化是一种侵略性骨髓增生性肿瘤那会变成白血病。包括ruxolitinib在内的JAK抑制剂在减少脾脏增大并改善骨髓纤维化患者的其他常见症状方面有效,但在逆转骨髓纤维化方面的影响有限。一种primary analysis在正在进行的II期中,精炼试验表明,在李曲替尼中添加Navitoclax会使脾脏量≥35%降低≥35%,并且在骨髓纤维化的亚组中降低症状,仅ruxolitinib不再受益。在该队列的探索性生物标志物分析中Naveen Pemmaraju,医学博士188bet体育网址研究人员发现,与没有这些反应的患者相比,骨髓纤维化改善和突变等位基因频率的减少的患者的总生存率有所提高。结果表明,这些生物标志物可能可用于鉴定通过向ruxolitinib添加Navitoclax获得的疾病修饰效应,并且这种组合可能对骨髓纤维化患者有效。了解更多信息柳叶刀血液学

Study clarifies molecular pathways driving breast cancer bone metastases
Bone metastases occur in more than half of late-stage breast cancers, leading to significant pain and health complications. Unfortunately, there are no curative therapies available for treating bone metastases. The EZH2 protein, responsible for epigenetic modifications, is correlated with breast cancer bone metastasis, but its role in regulating this process was not understood. New research led by Lin Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., Jingkun Qu, M.D., Ph.D., andDihua Yu,医学博士,博士, discovered that EZH2 promotes breast cancer bone metastasis in a mechanism independent of its epigenetic functions. The research team demonstrated that EZH2 increases expression of整合素β1((ITGB1),导致局灶性粘附激酶(FAK)和TGFβ信号通路的下游激活。在实验室模型中,限制FAK的靶向疗法可有效阻断乳腺癌骨转移。研究结果表明,FAK可能是治疗EZH2驱动的乳腺癌骨转移的新型治疗靶标。了解更多信息自然通讯

计算方法允许多个单细胞数据集的最佳集成
单细胞分析技术使科学家能够分析来自肿瘤样品中许多单个细胞的DNA,RNA和蛋白质信息,从而更清楚地了解存在的许多细胞类型。尽管近年来取得了许多进步,但整合来自同一样本的多种不同技术生成的单细胞数据仍然具有挑战性。因此,由Jinzhuang188bet体育网址 Dou博士,Shaoheng Liang和肯·陈(Ken Chen)博士, developed a new mathematical solution and computational tool to better integrate and align information from disparate sources of single-cell data. Their approach, called bi-order canonical correlation analysis (bi-CCA), is designed to optimally align the rows and columns of data generated by two different experiments into a single matrix suitable for downstream analysis. The researchers validated the approach on several datasets to demonstrate the feasibility of its use. Learn more in基因组生物学

研究确定了癌前胰腺囊肿的独特免疫特征
导管内粘液性肿瘤(IPMN)是胰腺囊肿,可以发展成胰腺癌。重要的是要了解哪些囊肿可能会进展,以便医生可以干预手术或其他治疗。尽管对这些囊肿的遗传异常进行了很好的研究,但对免疫微环境中的变化知之甚少。M.D.的Eshia Hernandez,Edwin R. Parra Cuentas,Ph.D。,Luisa Solis Soto,M.D。,Subrata Sen, Ph.D., and colleagues analyzed more than 120 surgically removed IPMN samples to identify and validate immunologic features of high- and low-risk cysts. They discovered that high-grade IPMN were marked by signs of an impaired immune response relative to low-grade IPMN. Interestingly, low-grade IPMN that later progressed to cancer resembled the features of high-grade samples. These findings provide a basis for identifying high-risk IPMN, offering the opportunity to study cancer interception strategies. Learn more in临床癌症研究188bet体育网址

癌基因转录的选择性抑制剂显示出令人鼓舞的肉瘤治疗结果
尤因肉瘤(ES)是儿童,青少年和年轻人的第二常见恶性骨肿瘤。由于目前尚未获得复发性ES的批准治疗,因此开发一种治疗这些患者的治疗剂是紧迫的临床需求。在开放标签的II期篮子试验中Vivek Subbiah, M.D.,研究人员评188bet体育网址估了28例ES患者的转移性小细胞肺癌的Lurbinectedin(一种用于转移性小细胞肺癌的FDA批准药物)的安全性和功效。在四名患者(14.3%)中观察到确认的反应,中位持续时间为4.2个月。此外,有39.3%的患者在反应或疾病稳定中获得了临床益处,而57.1%的患者经历了疾病控制。十名患者(40%)显示出客观的肿瘤收缩。最常见的3/4级不良事件包括中性粒细胞减少症(57%),贫血,血小板减少症和与治疗相关的发热性中性粒细胞减少症(每人14%)。研究结果表明,lurbinectedin具有可管理的安全性,可以鼓励抗肿瘤活动。该药物目前正在与伊立替康相结合的IB/II期试验中进行评估。了解更多信息临床癌症研究188bet体育网址

免疫疗法研究发现BHLHE40在抗肿瘤免疫反应中的关键作用
免疫检查点抑制剂在许多癌症患者中产生坚固耐用的反应,但并非所有人都受益。了解影响治疗反应的因素是主要重点免疫疗法field. New research from thelaboratory马修·古本(Matthew Gubin)博士,由Avery Salmon和Alexander Shavkunov博士领导,证明了转录因子BHLHE40对于T细胞在抗CTLA-4和抗PD-1检查点阻滞后安装有效的抗肿瘤反应至关重要。用抗CTLA-4或抗PD-1处理导致T细胞内BHLHE40的水平升高,从而导致肿瘤微环境重塑和特定信号通路的激活。BHLHE40缺乏导致抑制性免疫受体TigIT的表达升高,细胞因子IFN-γ的表达降低,代谢基因的表达改变,对临床前模型中对检查点抑制剂的反应不佳。研究结果表明,BHLHE40对于有效的免疫疗法至关重要,并且可能是评估患者反应的有用生物标志物。了解更多信息癌症免疫学研究188bet体育网址

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切除的导管内乳头状粘液肿瘤(IPMN)具有低度发育异常,显示CD3+ T细胞(红色)和CD8+ T细胞(粉红色)的浸润。上皮发育不良细胞在青色中显示,细胞核以蓝色显示。图片由M.D.