Mixing and matching COVID-19 booster shots: Should you do it?

最后更新于2021年12月16日

Booster shotshave now been approved for all three of the2019冠状病毒病疫苗在美国和疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的新准则中可用完全疫苗接种against the coronavirus can now mix and match their immunizations when seeking a booster shot.

But what does that mean, exactly? Is it better to stick with the same kind of vaccine you originally received, or are there situations in which it might be better to get a different one? And are the rules different for cancer patients in active treatment or for survivors who are免疫功能低下?

我们去了传染病专家和内科疾病负责人David Tweardy, M.D., for answers. Here’s what he had to say.

How does the CDC define ‘mixing and matching,’ in this context? Is that option only for fully vaccinated people seeking a booster shot, or is it open to previously unvaccinated people, too?

In this context, it means getting a booster shot — or a supplementary dose of vaccine to bolster your body’s defense against the coronavirus — from a different manufacturer than the one which provided your original vaccination regimen. This applies no matter which type of vaccine you got first.

But anyone who is starting fresh needs to follow the CDC guidelines for initial vaccination, and receive either Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen single-dose shot, or both doses of a two-dosemRNA来自同一制造商（辉瑞/Biontech或Moderna）的方案。

Why do we even need booster shots? Doesn’t being fully vaccinated confer the maximum amount of protection a person can have?

It does for a while, but over time, that protection wanes. And this is perfectly normal. Bodies are naturally very efficient and need to be able to respond to any number of infections, so they don’t want to waste resources maintaining the maximum level of defense forever against a pathogen they may or may not encounter.

But the number of COVID-neutralizingantibodiesappears to drop significantly in fully vaccinated individuals after about eight months. And that increases the chance of突破性感染。因此，保护​​衰落是获得助推器射击的主要原因。只要delta variant仍在闲逛，谨慎地竭尽全力维持最高水平的保护。而获得助推器是这样做的好方法。

The other reason for booster shots is to protect ourselves against other variants. Pfizer and Moderna both began working on updated vaccines right away, in case they were needed against emerging strains. The thinking then was that we might need those in order to sustain high levels of neutralizing antibodies in people.

But it turns out that the original formulation is still very effective against both the alpha and delta variants. So, the manufacturers decided, “OK. Let’s just boost with the original.”

因此，助推器的镜头与原始疫苗完全相同吗？

是的，但是除了一个例外：现代助推器仅包含一半原始剂量。

There’s been a recognition that recipients of the Moderna vaccine saw their antibody levels decline more slowly than those who received the Pfizer or J&J vaccines. So, less vaccine was needed to build their levels back up to the desired amount.

还有一个承认，在两次射击系列的第二张镜头后，副作用往往更为明显，因此，如果较低的剂量可以完成这项工作，它也可能会降低任何潜在副作用的严重性。

Let’s say I got the single-dose J&J shot for my original vaccination. If I opt to get my booster dose from Pfizer or Moderna, does that mean I need two shots to be considered fully “boosted,” since two doses were needed initially to confer maximum protection?

否。无论您最初收到哪种疫苗，您只需要三个制造商中的任何一个助推器。

坚持使用您最初获得的相同类型的疫苗？还是可以这么说，“切换马”会带来一些好处？

看来首选的方法是使用同一疫苗。我所看到的所有数据都没有显示出在功效上混合和匹配的任何特定组合的优势。

那癌症患者呢？关于混合和匹配的助推器镜头，他们应该知道什么特别的知识吗？

癌症患者的建议还要粘贴同一疫苗以进行助推器。就辉瑞或现代疫苗而言，应在第二次剂量后至少6个月进行助推器，而对于J＆J疫苗，应至少在该疫苗的单剂量后至少2个月。

要求约会MD Andersononlineor by calling 1-877-632-6789.